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Sept. 27, 1932. G, Q DEG'ENER ET AL 1,879,125

COMPUTING MACHINE y Filed Oct` 18. 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet l @von t w SCPL27, 1932' G. o. DEGENER ET AL 1,879,125

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed oct. la. 1922 4 sheets-sheer 2 Sept. 27, 1932.A G. o. DEGENER ETAL 1,379,125

COMPUTING MACHINE Fifed oct. 18. 1922 4 sheets-sheet 3 Sept 27, 1932 G. o. DEGENER ET AL 1,879,125

COMPUTI NG MACHINE Patented Sept. 27, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE GUSTAVE O. DIEGENIER,` OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, v.AN D JULIUS C. HOCHMAN, OF BRADLEY BEACH, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNORS OF ONE-HALF TO JULIUS C. HOCHMAN AND ONE-HALF TO MAURICE SAI'IBURG, BOTH OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

coMrUTING MACHINE Application led October 18, 1922. Serial No. 595,221.

Our present invention relates broadly to computing machines of various types, but with regard to its more specific features, it is concerned with machines of the key-opern ated type, that is, with machines of the type in which, as each key is manually actuated, the operators inger performs the physical work for actuating the totalizer as well as the control and safeguarding mechanism.

It is an object of the invention to provide a mechanism of the above type which shall be light to the touch, accurate in operation and all the mechanism of which shall be completcly protected within a small volume.

It is another object to provide a full stroke mechanism which shall be double-acting in character, that is, which shall perform not only the function of preventing a return stroke from between the ends of the opera# 20 tive stroke, but which shall, moreover, prevent a. second operative stroke from between the ends of the return stroke.

Another object is to provide a full stroke mechanism of the above type which while Y effecting the reversal preventing function throughout the operative and return strokes, will nevertheless permit an excess operation at the ends of the stroke to compensate for wear in the train of mechanism.

Another object is to provide a full stroke mechanism particularly compact in construction and dependable in operation, susceptible of complete accommodation within a small irregular space in the interior of a computing machine of special type, that affords insuHicient room for ordinary full-stroke mechanisms.

Another object is to provide a computing machine, which while easy to the touch shall,

'40 nevertheless, provide ample force particularly near the ends of the strokes for actuating control or safeguarding mechanism.

In the preferred embodiment for carrying out the latter object, means isfprovided in the train of mechanism to automatically change the power ratio between the roperating keys and the actuated mechanism, whereby the force shall be applied with a varying mechanical advantage corresponding at all points to requirements, so that the number the effective lever arm or radius of which increases as the operative stroke proceeds, so that the pressure exerted by the finger need not be increased as increased energy is stored in the spring.

' According to another feature means is provided to provide a relatively rapid increase in the mechanical advantage of the power transmission near the end of the return stroke, for providing the force required to actuate mechanism to be set into operation at this point.

The accompanying drawings are on a scale greatly enlarged with respect to the actual construction.

In the accompanying drawings in which is shown one of various possible embodiments of the several features of this invention,

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a portion of the mechanism with parts broken away,

Figs. 2, 3,4 and 5 are transverse sectional views taken along the lines 2-2, 3 3, 4--4 and 5--5 respectively of Fig. 1,

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing the apparatus at a different stage of operation,

Fig. 7 is a perspective view on a further enlarged scale of the full stroke gear hub,A

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the control or master pawl,

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the shift lever,

Fig. l0 is a sectional view taken along the line 1010 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 11 is a detail view of the full stroke connectiony plate,

Fig. 12 is a detail view on an enlarged scale i of one of the number key shanks, and;

Figs. 13, 14 and 15 are sectional views taken along the lines 13-13, 111-14L and 15e-15 of Fig. 1.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

The drawings show an embodiment of the invention particularly applicable to the special type of machine, exemplified in Patents Numbers 1,609,205 and 1,609,206 issued to Maurice Samburg and Julius C. Hochman, on November 30, 1926.

This type of machine includes control mechanism, comprising a control plate 1 overlapped at its upper edge by tongues 2 at the upper ends of key member bars 3, slidable in grooves 4 in the base plate 5, so that upon depression of any key, the corresponding tongue 2 will depress the control plate to shift or translate the same therewith through the complete length of the stroke. The control plate has racks 6 at its ends meshing with gears 7 loosely mounted upon an operatingI shaft 8 and meshing with gears 9 upon control .shaft 10, which is thus rotated for performing a variety of controlling and safeguarding functions, one of which will be set forth below and the remainder of which are not material to the present invention.

The machine also includes operating or actuating mechanism, comprising an operating plate 11 in front of the control plate and displaceable by tongue 2 after reaching the corresponding stop 12 on the plate 11 through a range proportional to the number value of the actuated key. The operating plate has racks 13 near its opposite ends in mesh with gears 14 on the ends of the operating shaft S, which serves to drive the totalizer (not shown), the number wheels of the latter (not shown) being mounted on a number wheel shaft 15 secured as by set screws 16 in the end wall 17 of the enclosing casing. For further details as to the preferred type of machine, reference may be had to the patents above identified.

According to one feature of improvement over the above-identified patents, I provide clock-type springs instead of helical springs for storing energy during the operative stroke, to be released for return of the parts to home position. In the preferred form of the invention, two identical spring drums 19 and 20 are mounted upon the number wheel shaft, one associated with the operating mechanism and the other with the control mechanism. In the preferred embodiment, each drum comprises a. casing element within which is enclosed a spiral or clock spring 22, the inner end of which is securely fastened by any desired means as at 23 to the number wheel shaft 15, the outer end being fixed in any appropriate manner as at 24 to the drum 20. The drum has a closure 25 secured as by a screw 26 to shaft 15. Preferably formed integral with the spring drum is a hub 27 encircling the shaft. The hub for the drum 19 is connected to the actuating shaft 8 by means of a flexible tension member 2S in the form of a link chain or an ordinary fish line, the lower end of which passes through an aperture 29 in the operating shaft and is held against removal by a knot (not shown) and the line encircles the hub, the upper end being held firmly in contact with the hub by any appropriate means. In the specific form shown, a. rod 30 is firmly secured between the drum and a. flange 31 formed on the hub, a knot 32 at the upper end of the line preventing withdrawal from between the hub and the rod. As heretofore indicated, the connection of the cord or other flexible tension member 33 to the spring drum 20 corresponding to the control mechanism is preferably identical with that just described. rI`he connection at the shaft end is preferably different in arl rangement, the details and purpose of which will be set forth below.

It will be understood that as a key is depressed, the control plate will be caused to move downwardly and through its rack G, gear 7, gear 9, shaft 10 and cord 33, it will rotate the drum 20 to store energy in the spring 22 therein. The operating plate 11 upon being displaced by the key, will through gear 14, shaft 8 and cord 28 similarly apply tension to spring drum 19.

If the springs were to be wound at a uniform rate, the force to be applied at the keys would have to be increased as the spring bccomes wound and the operation would become progressively harder as the stroke proceeds. To avoid this objection, we so construct and arrange the transmission, that its mechanical advantage increases as the spring is wound, so that no increase of force is required as the springs are tightened. In the preferred embodiment, this result is accomplished by arranging the hubs 27 eccentrically as best shown in Fig. 15, so that at the outset when the device is about to be actuated, the force is applied at a point a at a minimum distance from the axis, where the lever arm is a minimum and as the key is depressed and the tension member causes the hub to turn, the lever arm gradually increases until at the end of the stroke, which preferably corresponds to a rotation of the hub through 180 degrees, the lever arm is a maximum, the force being applied at point b. It thus follows that for a uniform displacement of the number key, the rate of angular rotation of the hub gradually decreases, so that the increasing resistance encountered as the tightening of the spring progresses is overcome without need for the application of an increasing effort by the operators finger. lVe prefer to so lform the eccentrics that the force required shall be approximately uniform throughout the range of displacement, although, if desired, it will be apparent that by increasing the eocentricity the force rcquired may actually decrease as the stroke progresses. The finger of the operator will thus have a tendency to fall through after initiation of the key, insuring full stroke without special effort. In the drawings` We have shown a circular hub eccentrically-l arranged, but a hub of involute or other form may be employed, if desired.

Our present full stroke mechanism is an improvement upon that included in the sub-- ject-matter of our copending joint application, Serial No. 510,545, tiled Get. 26, 1921. In common with said application, the present embodiment in its preferred form int cludes an lip-stroke preventing pavvl, a downs'troke preventing pan/'l and a control pan/l for shifting the former to inoperative position during the up-stroke and the latter during the down stroke.

In, the present embodiment, the full stroke mechanism mounted for rotary displacement about the shafts to occupy the limited space Within the casing. In the preferred embodiment, the operating shaft 8 has mounted thereon an up-stroke blocking pawl -tegral with the hub 43 and angularly displaced with respect to the segment- 42. The

, paivl member is provided with a tail 48 and paWl member 45 with a'tail 49, said tails being drawn toward each other a coil spring connected thereto,the approach of said tails being limited by the number Wheel shaft 15 and the tie rod 51 respectively contacted by said tails as best shown in Fig. 2. In the preferred embodiment, a collar 52 is secured to the number Wheel shaft and N has a slot 53 therein into which the edge of tail 4S extends with small clearance and is thus retained against lateral deflection or distortion. It Will be apparent that if both pavvl teeth 41 and 46 Were concurrently in l engagement each with a tooth of the cormembers 40 and 45.

responding segments of gear teeth, the device would be lockedr against Vrotation in either direction. Shifting means is accordingly provided to assure disengagement of the rlp-stroke preventing pawl tooth 41 during the up stroke and to assure a disengagement of the down-stroke preventing pawl tooth 46 With respect to the corresponding gear teeth during the down stroke. This means preferably comprises a control or master paivl 54 shown separately in Fig. 8 and including an annularfpart encircling the operating shaft to the side of the tivo pawl The pawl 54 is provided With a square-ended pawl tooth 55 normally midway between the pawl teeth 41 and 46 when viewed from the end, as best shown in Fig. 2. Corresponding to the master paivl is a third segment of teeth which may be gear teeth 56 also formed integral with the gear hub 43 and angularly arranged symmetrically with respect to the gear segments 42 and 47 as will best appear in Figs. 2 and k7. lt- Will be understood that as the control shaft is rotated, in a clockvvisedirection from the position shown in Fig. 2, the master pawl will be shifted about the operating shaft, after it contacts with the first tooth of segment 56 and toward the right (Fig. 6) returning to neutral position after the entire length of segment 56 has passed therebeyond, and on the return stroke the master pafivl will be similarly shifted toward the le t.

This shifting of the master paWl is utilized to displace the paWl 45 with respect to the corresponding gear teeth 47 during the operating or down stroke and to similarly displace paivl 40 during the return or up stroke. For this purpose, We prefer to provide a shift lever 58 having a hub 59 pivoted preferably upon number Wheel shaft 15 and held against lateral displacement by colla-rs 52 and 60, said lever having an arm With a curved section 61 partially encircling the operating shaft and coacting With the master pawl. For this purpose, the master pawl is preferably formed U-shaped and preferably from a single blank as shown in detail in Fig. 8, and includes a transmission plate element 62 connected by a bridge 63 to the main pavvl element 54, element 62 also encircling the operating shaft but beyond the range of the hub Plate element 62 has a keyway 64 therein into which extends a pin 65 on the curved arm of the shift lever. The shift lever also has a bent-up finger 66 extending between the shank 67 of the tail on pawl 40 and a shoulder 68 formed on paWl 45.

It will be seen that when the machine is idle, the parts assume the position shown kin Fig. 2 in which the shift lever is held by the paWl shank 67 and shoulder 68 against displacement and by its pin 65 it correspondingly holds the master pawl against shifting from central or neutral position.

The full stroke mechanism above described is associated with the various number keys in any desired manner, preferably of the general type described in our copending application, Serial No. 510,545 above mentioned. It may be briefly noted here that this mechanism comprises a key connection plate 69 (Figs. 1 and 10-13) extending substantially the Width of the machine between the base plate 5 and the control plate 1 and carried by the latter, pins 7 O With rollers 71 on the connection plate extending through corresponding elongated slots 72 (Fig. 1) in the control plate. The central roller 71 is guided preferably by a stationary cam piecev 73 mounted IIB plate has a succ@ on seth 7T, one corresponding to each of the number key 3, each of said triangular lug 78 near the upper thereof. The triangular lug 78 of each key is normally below and to the right of the corresponding tooth T7, as best shown in TEig. il. Upon depression of any key, the har will depress the control plate, carrying with it the key connection plate, and the inclined edge 'T5 of the stationary cam bar 73 will push roller 7l and with it the key connection plate toward the right along the control plate, causing the triangular tooth 78 of the depressed key, and of said key only, to he held under and thus become interconnected vith the corresponding tooth on tl e full stroke connection plate (39 and to remain interlocked therewith throughout the operative and return stroke, until the control plate has returned nearly to home posit-ion, when the inclined hook end 76 of the stationary cam will cause the return of the connection plate tow he leftits disengagement from the triangular tooth on the key bar.

The full stroke connection element taken by itself is fully desc ibed and claimed in our copending application, last above referred to and need, therefore, not be set forth here in greater detail.

It will be noted that the disengagement of the full stroke plate takes place close to home position, that is, att-he extreme end of the expansive action of the spring 2l, or, when the spring has a. minimum of stored energy. f a strong spring were used in order to assure this disengagement, the operation of the machine would be rendered correspondingly hard. To void this objection, we have pro vided a relatively light spring, which we connect, however, in such manner as to automatically increase the mechanical ratio of transformation beyond that resulting from the application of the spring tension at the hub radius of minimum length, so that near the extremity of the stroke, that is, when the parts approach home position, suliicicnt force shall be exerted for release of the full-stroke connection plate, and for any other functions to be performed at this fmal stage of the operation.

F or this purpose, the preferred embodiment comprises a collar 8O surrounding the control shaft lO provided with a flange 8l having a pin 82 projecting therefrom, eX- tending parallel to the shaft and spaced therefrom (see Figs. l and 13). The flexible cord element 33 from the hub 2T has a number of turns 83 about the pin and has its lower extremity extending through a transverse aperture 84 in the flange and a knot 85 at the end to prevent separation.

It will' thus be seen that during the final partof the return stroke, the spring tension is applied to the chain or cord at the point of greatest effectiveness on the eccentric hub. Moreover, the lever arm of the liexible memloer upon the control shaft is at a maximum being substantially equal to the distance between the center of the control shaft, and the more remote side of the pin 82, so that a greater force multiplication occurs during this final part of the stroke than in the previous portions where the pin extends below the shaft and the line of action of the cord or chain comes into, or nearer contact with the periphery of the shaft.

Operation The operation proceeds as follows: Upon depression of any of the number keys (not shown) the corresponding key bar S, moves downwardly in its groove d and the tongue .2 on the lrey liar causes the downward travel of the control plate l and upon reaching the corresponding struck-up stop 'l2 on the operating plate l1, the free end of the tongue Q will thereafter' cause the operating plate also to move downward therewith. As the control plate descends, the stationary cam plate 73 effects a lateral movement to the right of the key connection plate G9 carried by the plate l, causing it to interlock with the depressed key in the manner rully described above. Racks i3 on the ends of the operating plate cause a rotation of pinions lil; at the end of the operating shaft- 8 through a corresponding angle, and said shaft actuates the totalizer mechanism (not shown) in the obvious manner. its the operating shaft rotates, the cord or chain 2S becomes wound thereon, exerting tension on the drum 19 and causing a corresponding winding of the spring enclosed therein.

The control plate l through its racks 6 causes a rotation of the gears 7 that are loosely mounted upon the operating shaft, said gears through meshing gears 9 correspondingly rotating the control shaft l0. As rotation of the control shaft is about to take place, the parts are in the position shown in full lines in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 in which pawl tooth al is in contact with the first tooth of the gear segment 42, pawl tooth elG is at a substantial distance from the segment l? with which it is to coact and the control pawl tooth 55 is adjacent but spaced from the associated segment 56. As the rotation proceeds, pawl tooth all will ratchet over its corresponding gear segment l2 and the square pawl tooth 55 will be pushed toward the right, as shown in F ig. 6 by the first tooth of the corresponding segment 56 and will ratchet successively over the teeth of said segment without returning to central position. As the control pawl is thus shifted toward the right, it moves the shift lever 58 toward the right about shaft 15 by reason of its coaction, with the master pawl 64-65,and finger 66 on the shift lever by contact with shoulder 68 will shift the pawl about the control shaftas an axis, raising the pawl tooth 46 away from its corresponding gear segment 47 as best shown in Fig. 6.

The rotation of the operating shaft thus proceeds, the control pawl ratcheting over the corresponding gear segment until the final tooth of said segment has passed therebeyond, whereupon spring 50 contracts to return the pawl 45 into engagement with the hub 43, said pawl returns the shift lever to central position through its engagelnent with finger 66 thereon, and the shift lever through pin and keyway 64 effects the return of the control pawl to the central position. It Will be seen that, at this time, the down stroke prevention pawl although in contact with hub 43 is beyond the range of the corresponding gear segment, so that it will in no way interfere with the further depression of the key. During the final portion of the operative stroke, pawl 41 ratchets over the left end of the gear segment 42 and after it has passed the last tooth, further slight depression of the key is obviously permitted to compensate for eventual wear in the transmission train. It will be seen that a return movement of an operating key from any point other than the extremity of the down stroke is prevented, any such rotation, as is obvious, being blocked throughout the stroke by pawl tooth 41 that is h eld against deflection by the contact of its pawl tail 48 with the number wheel shaft 15, and during approximately the last two-thirds of the stroke, the control pawl tooth'55 also acts to prevent reversal. Pawl 55 also determines the point at which reversal may take place as pawl 41 goes out of action earlier.

On the return stroke, the up-stroke prevention pawl 40 will be shifted to inoperative position and the down-stroke prevention pawl 45 will 'ratchet over its corresponding gear segment to block a repeated down stroke. The operation during the return stroke is generally similar to that inst .set forth but will now be described fully. Shortly after the beginning of the return stroke, the end tooth of the segment 56 Will contact with the control pawl tooth 55 and will shift it toward the left.v the pawl correspondingly shifting the shift lever 58 about the number wheel shaft 15 toward the left, its tongue 66 coacting with the tail 48 of the up-stroke prevention pawl 40 and shiftingr it toward the right, applying corresponding tension upon spring 50; The pawl tooth 41 is thus kept out of the range of its segment 42 throughout the return stroke, the control pawl 54 returning to neutral position When the corresponding segment 56 has moved beyond the range thereof, whereupon the upstroke prevention pawl 40 returns to the position shown in Figs. 2 and 4 in contact with hub 43 and beyond the range of teeth 42, and the down-stroke prevention pawl 46 will continue to ratchet over the corresponding gear segment 47 until the parts are thus returned to home position shown in Fi 2. Here also itis noted that after the complete segment 47 has passed pawl tooth 46, and thecomplete segment 56 has passed pawl tooth 55 further slight advance of the parts is permitted to take up any lost motion developed by Wear in the transmission train.

Thus, the single full stroke mechanism described, is double-acting, serving both to prevent a return of the parts to home position from between` the ends of the operative stroke and to prevent aI repeated operation of the key from between the ends of the return stroke.

During the down stroke, as energy is stored in the springs, the finger does not encounter added resistance, since, as set forth, the lever arm increases as the down stroke progresses to compensate for the increasing resistance of the spring.

The return stroke is effected entirely by the expansive power of springs 22. It will be seen that at the beginning of the return stroke, these springs exert their maximum tension but with a minimum leverage, the greatest radius b of the eccentrics being e'ective at this time. Thus, the parts are started on their home path with substantial energy, overcoming any static resistance of the parts. Near the extremity of the return stroke, the force applied to the control shaft by the spring of drum 20 is automatically increased by the pin 82 on the control shaft coming into effective position to increase the radius arm of the point of application of the tension cord or chain 33 to the control shaft and to the increased leverage at the spring drum due to the cord being at the shortest radius. Thus, the force is materially increased, to cause the key connection plate roller 71 to strike the up cam 76 with sufficient force to be shifted laterally and disengaged from the triangular tooth 7 8 on the returning number key bar.

Thus, we have provided a full stroke mechanism of compact construction that is readily accommodated in the irregular small space left in the interior of the casing 17 which encloses the computing mechanism of the type set forth completely in the Patents No. 1,609,205 and No. 1,609,206 above referred to. The full stroke mechanism is thus completely protected, as 'contrasted with constructions in which the full stroke mechanism is wholly or in part at the exterior of the casing.

It will, of course, be understood that although We prefer to employ a double-acting full stroke mechanism, that is, one for preventing return movement of an operating part before the end of the operative stroke lio' is reached, as well as for preventing a repeated operative stroke during the return movement, many of the features of the mechanism could be applied in a full stroke mechanism for performing only one of the two functions. It will also be apparent that, if desired, a separate and distinct full stroke mechanism of the type shown could be applied to each of the number keys.

It will be understood that many modifications may be effected within the scope of the invention in the construction of the full stroke mechanism, the specific embodiment shown being specially designed for the particular type of construction shown in the patents above referred to, and that the fullstroke mechanism is of general application to computing machines of various types.

Our arrangement in which the finger encounters no added resistance as the spring or springs are wound, is also of general application, but has its preferred application to key-operated machines, where lightness of touch is a desideratum, and especially in relations where the depression of the key is to effect actuation not only of the adding mechanism but further of the mechanism of a typewriter associated therewith, for instance, as shown in the patents, last-above referred to.

We claim zl. In a computing machine, in combination, a control shaft, a succession of teeth extending circumferentially thereabout, an operating shaft, a pawl mounted thereon for coaction with said teeth to ratchet thereover when the control shaft is rotated in one direction and to block said shaft against return rotation, a shifting member' mounted on said operating shaft, and means on said control shaft to actuate said shifting member at a predetermined part in the rotary path of said shaft for shifting said pawl to clear said teeth to permit reversal of the movement of said control shaft, said actuating means for the shifting member including a second succession of teeth associated with the first mentioned teeth.

2. In a computing machine, in combination, a control shaft, having teeth extending circumferentially thereabont an operating shaft, a double-acting full stroke mechanism thereon including a first pawl member co acting with teeth on said control shaft to block said shaft against rotation in one direction, a second pawl member on said operating shaft for coaction with teeth on said control shaft to block rotation thereof in the opposite direction, anc a third pawl member mount-ed on said operating shaft and acting to retract said second pawl from coaction with the teeth on said control shaft during rotation thereof in one direction and to retract the other pawl during rotation of the shaft in the opposite direction.

3. In a computinfr machine, in combination, a control shaft, an operating shaft, a pawl mounted on said operating shaft, a set of teeth extending partially about the periphery of said control shaft for coaction with said pawl during one part of the rotation of said shaft, a transfer member mounted on said operating shaft and to the side of said pawl member, said transfer member including a pawl tooth, a second set of teeth on said control shaft for coaction with said pawl tooth to shift t-he same laterally when the shaft is rotating in one direction, said transfer member coacting with said pawl to bring the same out of engagement with the corresponding teeth on the shaft to permit reverse movement of the shaft from the ei:- tremity of the stroke thereof.

4. In a computing machine, in combination, a cont-rol shaft, an operating shaft, a doubleacting full stroke mechanism, said mechanism including a first pawl mounted on said operating shaft, a succession of teeth extending about a part of the periphery of said control shaft for coaction with said pawl, a second pawl to the side of said first pawl and sym metrically arranged with respect thereto, a second set of teeth rotatable with said shaft and extending partially about the periphery thereof for coaction with said second pawl, a master pawl mounted on said shaft and spaced laterally from both said pawls, a third set of teeth rotatable with said shaft for coaction with said master pawl, and means connecting said master pawl to said first and second pawls to shift one of said pawls out of engagement with the corresponding teeth, when the master pawl is shifted toward one side by coaction with the teeth in rotating in one direction and to similarly displace the other pawl during rotation in the opposite direction. l

5. In a computing machine, in combination, a control shaft, a. hub rotatable therewith and provided with three sets 0f gear teeth, each extending partially about the periphery thereof, each group displaced laterally and angularly with respect to the others, an operating shaft and a set of three pawls mounted thereon corresponding one to each of said sets of gear teeth, one of said pawls serving as a control for the other two pawls to deflect one from its corresponding gear teeth on the control shaft during the operative stroke,

and to similarly deflect the other during the return stroke.

6. In a computing machine, in combination, a control shaft, an operating shaft` twg sets of gear teeth extending peripherally about said control shaft, two pawls on said operating shaft coacting one with each of said sets of gear teeth, one serving to block return movement of said control shaft from between the ends of its operative stroke and the other serving to block a second operative stroke from between the ends of its return stroke, a spring connecting said two pawls, kstop means for each of said pawls, a master pawl also mounted on said operating shaft, and means actuated by the master pawl, adapted depending on the direction of rotation of said control shaft, to deflect the up stroke preventing pawl from its gear teeth during the up stroke and to defiect the down stroke preventing pawl from its corresponding gear teeth during the down stroke.

7. In a computing machine, in combination, a control shaft, an operating shaft, and a number wheel shaft, a full stroke mechanism carried by said shafts and including a pawl mounted on one of said shafts and teeth extending peripherally about another of said shafts and rotatable therewith, said pawl and teeth being arranged to ratchet with respect to each other during the operating stroke of the machine but to block return movement from between `the ends of said stroke, and means including a shifting lever mounted on the third of said shafts for automatically displacing the pawl with respect t0 said teeth throughout the return stroke of the parts. y,

8. In a computing machine, in combination, an operating shaft, a control 'shaft and a number wheel shaft, a set of gear teeth eX- tending peripherally about one of said shafts and rotatable therewith, a pawl mounted on the second of said shafts foricoaction with said gear teeth and arranged to prevent return movement of said shafts from between the ends of the operative stroke thereof, a master pawl mounted on thesame shaft as said first pawl` means for shifting` said master pawl in one direction near the beginning of the return stroke of the parts, and a shifting lever mounted on the third of said shafts, coacting with said master pawl and with said rst pawl to shift and maintain said first pawl out ofengagement with the corresponding teeth during the return stroke of the parts.

9. In a computing machine. in combination, a number wheel shaft, an operating shaft, and a control. shaft extending parallel to each other, a set of gear teeth extending peripherally about said control shaft,` a pawl mounted on said operating shaft and adapted to coact with said teeth and so arranged as to ratchet over said teeth during the return stroke of the parts to home position after completion of a stroke but to prevent a repeated operation from between the ends of a return stroke, a master pawl mounted on said operating shaft, a set of gear teeth on said control shaft and rotatable therewith for controlling said master pawl., said set of teeth being arranged in a position such as to deflect the master pawl laterally during the operating stroke of the machine, and a shifting lever mounted don said number wheel shaft and arranged to be deflected by deflection of said master pawl, said first -pawl having a portion in the path of deflection of said shifting lever for shifting said first pawl out of the range of the corresponding teeth throughout the operating stroke of the machine. f 10. In a computing machine, in combination, three parallel shafts, gear teeth rotatable with one of said shafts, a pawl mounted on the second of said shafts for coaction with said gear teeth, a master pawl mounted on said second shaft, gear teeth on said first shaft for coaction with said master pawl, and a shifting lever mounted on said third shaft and having a loose fit with respect to said master pawl` said shifting lever having a shoulder arranged to contact a portion of said first pawl for deflecting the same out of the range of the corresponding gearteeth when the master pawl is shifted laterally by the rotation of the first .shaft in one direction.

11. In a computing machine, in combination, a control shaft, an operating shaftand a number wheel shaft extending parallel to each other ylengthwise of the machine, a doul'ilc-acting full stroke mechanism mounted on said shafts and including an up stroke pawl and a drizwii stroke rpawl symmetrically arranged with respect to each other and mounted on said operating sh aft. one extending laterally of the other, gear teeth extending peripherally about said control shaft` one set of said teeth for coaction with said up stroke pawl and the second set for coaction with said down stroke pawl, a master pawl upon said operating shaft, lateral of said two pawls, a third set of gear teeth extending about said control shaft, adapted to coact with the tooth of said master pawl, said third set of teeth being syninietrically arranged with respect to said first two sets of teeth. a shifting lever mountedupon said number wheel shaft and having; a pin extending into a corresponding slot in a portion of said master pawl, said shifting lever having a shoulder extending between adjacent portions of said up stroke pawl and said down stroke pawl, whereby upon shifting of said master pawl laterally by the rotation of said control shaft in onedirection, said shifting lever will be displaced to move one of said first pawls out of the range of the coacting teeth and upon rotation of the shafts in the opposite direction, the other pawl will be shifted out of coaction with the Corresponding teeth.

12. In a computing machine, in combination, a plurality of shafts, gear teeth mounted on one of said shafts, a coacting pawl on the second of said shafts for preventing undesired reversal from between the ends of a stroke of the machine, a master pawl mounted on the same shaft as said first pawl and enacting with correspondingteetli on said first shaft, said master pawl. comprising a blank having two arms encircling said shaft,

'iso

one of said arms having a paWl other arm having a keyivay, a fl mounted upon said third shaft e a pin extending into said keyway, f' e:

ing lever having a shoulder for coaction with said first pavfl to shift the latter out of the range of the corresponding' teeth upon deflection of said master paivl tooth by the operation of said first shaft.

13. In a computing machine, in combination, a control shaft, an operating shaft, and a number wheel shaft, said control shaft hav-- ing three sets of gear teeth, each extending partially about the periphery of the shaft, said sets being respectively displaced from each other, both laterally and circumferentially, a first pawl mounted upon said operating shaft in the range of operation of one of said sets of teeth, a second paivl in the range of operation of another of said sets of teeth, a master paivl comprising a blank having tivo arms encircling said shaft and a bar connecting said arms, one of said arms having a paivl toot-h for coaction with the third set of teeth, a shifting lever rigidly mounted upon said number Wheel shaft and having an arm extending about said operating shaft, said arm having a pin extending into a. slot in the second arm of said master paWl blank, said shifting lever having a finger extending laterally therefrom at right angles to said first and second paivls, said Erst pavvl having a portion extending in the path of deflection of said finger in one direction, said second paivl having a portion extending in the path of deflection of the finger in the opposite direction, a spring connecting said first and second payvls, said number Wheel shaft serving as a stop for one of said parvis, and a tie rod serving as a stop for the other of said paWls to limit the approach of said paivls toward each other.

14. In a computing machine, in combination, a bank of number key members, a single reversing full stroke mechanism including a reversably operating ratchet element and a plurality of coacting parts, a member extending transversely of all of said key members and operatively connected to said single full stroke mechanism, and means operative upon actuation of any of said keys to automatically connect the operated key with said transverse member for subjecting said key to the controlling effect of said full stroke mechanism, to compel movement of the key to the extremity of its stroke before a return movement can be effected.

15. In a computing machine, in combination, a bank of number key members, a member extending transversely of all said key members, a reversing full stroke mechanism including a reversably operating ratchet element connected to said member, said member being in the path of operation of all said key members, and means operable after the commencement of the operationY of any of said key members to shift said transverse member in a direction across the path of movement of said key member to block the return thereof.

16. In a computing machine, in combination. a bank of number key members, a reversing full stroke mechanism including a reversably operating ratchet element having its cooperative parts spaced from all of said key members, a transverse control element in the path of operation of each of said key members to be operated thereby, a full stroke connection element movable with said control element and movable with one of the cooperative parts of said full stroke mechanism, means to automatically shift said connection element with respect to said control eiement during the operating stroke of each of said keys to effect a locking connection With the operated key, whereby said key will be operatively connected to said full stroke mechanism to prevent return of the key from between the extremities of its stroke.

17. In a full stroke mechanism, in combination, a bank of slidable number key members, a translatable operating member in the path of operation of all of said key members, a reversing full stroke mechanism having one of the cooperative elements thereof movable with said transverse member, stop elements on said transverse member and said key members, normally disconnected With respect to each other, and means automatically operable upon actuation of any one of said keys to shift said transverse member for establishing coaction between the stop element on said key and the corresponding stop member on said transverse member to interlock said full stroke mechanism with said key.

18. In a computing machine, in combination, a bank of number key members, a control member for safeguarding mechanisms and the like operable through a reversing full complete stroke by the actuation of each of said key members, a single full stroke mechanism including a reversably operating ratchet element for preventing return movement prior to completion of the stroke of said control member as Well as of the actuated key, said full stroke member being normally disconnected from all of said keys,an d means operable upon actuation of any said key to cause said full stroke mechanism to become operatively associated with the operated key.

19. In a computing machine, in combina-- tion, a bank of number key members, a transverse control member operating through a reversing full complete stroke by the operation of each key regardless of the number value thereof, a single full stroke mechanism including a reversably operating ratchet element connected to sai d control member to prevent return movement thereof prior to completion of its stroke, and means automatically operated after the commencement of the stroke of any of said keys to automatically effect a locking connection between said key and said ycontrol member, whereby said vfull stroke mechanism will also prevent premature return of said key.

20. In a computing mechanism, in combination, abank of slidable key members, a single plate member extending transversely of said key members and in the path of operation thereof, and means including a cam operating after commencement of the stroke of any key to lock said key with respect to said transverse member to prevent relative movement thereof for the remainder of the key stroke.

21. In a computing machine, in combination, a bank of number key members, a transverse member connected in the path of movement of all of said keys to be operated during the operative stroke of each, and means to automatically lock the operated key with respect to said member after the commencement of the operative stroke to prevent separation thereof until the return of the key memberto home position, and a reversing full stroke mechanism including a reversably operating ratchet element connected to said transverse member.

22. In a computing machine, in combination, a bank of key members, a transverse member in the path of operation of each of said key members to be actuated thereby, a tooth on each of saidy key members, teeth on said transverse member normally disengaged from all of the key member teeth and to one side thereof,-and means operative after commencement of the stroke of any key to shift said transverse member laterally for effecting coaction of the tooth on said key member with the corresponding tooth on the transverse member to cause said elements to operate in unison, and means to automatically disengage said tooth substantially at the extremity of the return movement ot said transverse member and said key.

23. In a computing machine, in combination, a bank of number key members, each having an end stop, a transverse control memberin the path of movement of each of said end stops, each of said key members carrying a locking tooth, said transverse member carrying a series of locking teeth normally laterally disengaged from the teeth on said keyl members and of a width to lit between the end stop and the tooth on the key member, and means for shifting said transverse member laterally after the commencement of the stroke. ci' any key to interpose a tooth thereon between the tooth of the actuated key and the end stop thereof, for establishing an interlock between said key and said transverse member, and a double-acting full stroke mechanism connected to said transverse member and spaced from said key.

24. In a computing machine, in combination, a bank of number key members, each having a tongue near the upper end thereof, a control plate extending transversely of said key'members and operable by the tongues of the key members, a full stroke connection plate carried by said control plate and translatable therewith, each said key member havinga tooth and said connection plate having a succession of teeth, one adjacent each of the key member teeth but laterally spaced therefrom, and cam means for shifting the full stroke connection plate laterally with respect to the control plate after the commencement of the operation of any of said keys to bring the corresponding tooth on the connection plate into engagement with the key member tooth to cause the subsequent operation ofthe key member to take place in unison with the stroke of said control plate, and a reversing full stroke mechanism vconnected to said control plate.

25. In a computing machine, in combination, a base plate, a succession ot key members slidable therealong, each key member having a tongue at the upper end thereof, a triangular tooth formed on the forward face of each said key member and near the upper end thereof, a control plate extending transversely of all of said key members and in the path of movement of said tongues, a full stroke connection plate carried by said control plate, said connection plate having studs fitting into corresponding elongated slots in said control plate, said connection plate having a succession of teeth adjacent the triangular teeth on said key members but normally spaced therefrom and of a width substantially equal to the distance between said tongues and said triangular teeth, and cam means for shifting said full stroke connection plate laterally after the commencement of the stroke of any of said keys to interpose the corresponding tooth of the full stroke connection plate between the triangular tooth and the tongue, thereby effecting an interlock between the operated key and the control plate, and a reversing full strokemechanism spaced from all of said keys having one of its operative parts movable with said control plate.

26. In a computing machine, in combination, a bank of number key members, a single double-acting full stroke mechanism including a reversably operating ratchet element spaced from all of said key members, a memberextendingtransverselyofsaidbankof keys, connected to said full stroke mechanism vand normally disconnected from all of said keys, means to automatically lock each key as it is operated with respect to saidr transverse member and to interrupt said locking connection after the key has been returned substantially to home position.

27. In a computing machine, in combination, a base plate, a set of slidable reciproeating key members guided by said base plate, a double-acting full stroke mechanism, a full stroke connection plate extending transversely across all of said key members, and means to automatically lock each key at the beginning of its operative stroke to said connection plate, in order to place said key under the restraint of the full stroke mechanism, to prevent reversal of key stroke from any position intermediate the extremities of the stroke.

28. In a double-acting full stroke mechanism, in combination, a toothed means controlling the minimum length of stroke in either direction and paivl teeth, the latter coaxially mounted, said elements coacting to lock a number key against return until it has reached the extremity of its stroke and coacting further during the return stroke to prevent a second actuation of the key until the return movement is completed.

29. In a double-acting full stroke mechanism for a computing machine, in combination, locking means to prevent reversal of stroke after the commencement of the operating and return strokes and additional locking means for controlling ther minimum length of stroke in either direction, said parts being constructed and arranged to permit continued movement of the operating part at the extremity of the stroke in each direction to allow for Wear of the parts in the calculating train.

30. In a full stroke mechanism for a computing machine, in combination, means including a paivl to prevent return movement at the commencement of the operating stroke, means including a pavvl to prevent a repeated operating movement at the commencement of the return stroke, means to render said latter paul inoperative near the extremity of the operative stroke and to restore said pawl to operative or locking position at the end of the operative stroke, said means being associated with said pawl in such manner as to permit a continued movement of the operating parts in the operative direction to compensate for any Wear.

3l. In a full stroke mechanism, in combination, means including a pawl to prevent return movement at the commencement of the operating stroke, means including a pawl to prevent a repeated operating movement at the commencement of the return stroke, means to render said latter pawl inoperative near the extremity of the operative stroke and to restore said pawl to operative or locking position at the end of the operating stroke, means to render the former pawl inoperative near the extremity of the return stroke and to restore said paWl to operative or locking position at the end of'the return stroke, said means associated with said pawls in such manner as to permit a continued movement of the operating parts at both extremities of the strokes to compensate for any Wear.

32. In a computing machine, in combina.- tion, a bank of key members, mechanism adapted for operation by said key members, and means including a reversably operating ratchet element for preventing reversal of the operating parts from between the extremities of both the operative and the return strokes thereof, and also to prevent relative inertia movement of the operated key and the transmission mechanism under control thereof through any part of the operative or return stroke.

33. In a computing machine, in combination, a bank of number key members, mechanism to be actuated thereby, a member normally disengaged from all of said keys, and means including a cam for automatically locking said member with respect to a member key upon operation thereof to move therewith throughout the operative stroke.

34. The combination set forth in claim 33 in which the normally disconnected means constitutes a member extending transversely of all of said number key members, and in which the connection thereof with the operated key is maintained throughout the operative and return stroke and automatically released substantially at the end of the return stroke.

35. In a device of the kind described having a bank of number keys, a computing mechanism associated therewith and having a bank of computing key members, each number key being in the path of movement of the corresponding computing key member t0 be automatically actuated upon o eration of the latter, means for automatica ly locking each computing key member upon operation thereof with respect to the computing mechanism and for maintaining said lock until substantially the end of the return stroke of the computing key member, whereby the typewriter number key cannot effect return movement of the corresponding computing key member independently of the computing mechanism.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of N. Y., this 11th day of July, 1922.

GUSTAVE O. DEGENER. J ULIUS C. HOCHMAN. 

